Autobiography of Srinivasa Ramanujan
Srinivasa Ramanujan: The Genius Mathematician
Srinivas Ramanujan early life
Srinivasa Ramanujan, a great mathematician who raised India’s fame to the heights of world mathematics. Greatly he has immense intelligence. Born on December 22, 1887, in a poor family in Erode, North Arcot district of Tamil Nadu. People recognized Ramanujan as an extraordinary boy in mathematics at the age of twelve.
At the age of about five, Ramanujan joined the primary school in Kumbakonam. But attended several primary schools before joining the Town High School in January 1898. At Town High School, Ramanujan excelled in all his school subjects .Continuously he showed himself to be a capable scholar.
Srinivas Ramanujan Education
In 1900 he began to work on his own in mathematics, summing up geometric and arithmetic series. In 1902 someone showed Ramanujan how to solve cubic equations. Therefore he found his method for solving the quartic.
Ramanujan could easily solve many problems of ‘Euler’s’ principles and trigonometry.It contained about 6165 theorems on topics like algebra and analytical geometry. The proofs of these were difficult. Ramanujan used to find solutions to these theorems and principles that even the great professors could not understand without turning to any books.
He did not know that many of the problems had already been proven, so he solved them with his own method. In 1903, he got a scholarship to the University of Madras.
Fearing that his son would go mad because of his calculations, Ramanujan’s father married him off. To make ends meet, Ramanujan joined a clerk’s office on a salary of 25 rupees.
Srinivas Ramanujan failed
The following year, he did not know that radicals could not solve the quintic. Again he attempted to solve the quintic but failed. At Town High School, Ramanujan found a mathematics book by G. S. Carr. After that he discovered that the author called the book Synopsis of Elementary Results in Pure Mathematics.
This book, with its very concise style, enabled Ramanujan to teach himself mathematics. Here the style of the book had an unfortunate effect on the way Ramanujan later wrote mathematics. Provokly it provided him with the only model for mathematical arguments. Abroughtly the book contains theorems, formulas, and short proofs.
Srinivas Ramanuja pure mathematics
It also contains an index to papers on pure mathematics. So European journals published these papers of learned societies in the first half of the 19th century. In this published in 1886, Ramanujan used that old book. By 1904 Ramanujan had begun to do more in-depth research.
Then he calculated the series Parisho and Euler’s constant to 15 decimal places. Completely he began to study Bernoulli numbers. Although this was entirely his independent discovery.
Working as lecture
So he soon found himself in trouble, and without telling his parents. Then he fled to the town of Visakhapatnam, 650 km north of Madras. However, he continued his mathematical work.
During this time he worked on hypergeometric series and investigated the relationships between integrals and series. In 1906, he later discovered that he was studying elliptic functions.
Then he attended lectures at Pachaiyappa College. But he fell ill after three months of study. After leaving the course, he wrote the First Arts Examination. He passed mathematics. But he failed all his other subjects and therefore failed the examination.
Continue Research
This meant that he was unable to enter the University of Madras. In the following years he worked on mathematics. Then he was developing his ideas without any help.
So with no real idea, then-current research topics beyond what Carr’s book provided. Continuing his mathematical work.Along Ramanujan studied continued fractions and differentiable series in 1908.
Married Life
Then he again fell seriously ill and underwent an operation in April 1909. After he took some time to recover. Then he married on 14 July 1909. His mother arranged for him to marry a ten-year-old girl, S. Janaki Ammal.
However, Ramanujan did not live with his wife until he was twelve. Ramanujan continued to develop his mathematical ideas. So he began to tackle problems and solve them in the Journal of the Indian Mathematical Society
Modular Formula
In 1910 he developed the relations between elliptic modular equations. In that he gained recognition for his work. After publishing a brilliant paper on Bernoulli numbers in the Journal of the Indian Mathematical Society in 1911.
Despite not having a university education, he became a well-known mathematical genius in Madras. In 1911, Ramanujan approached the founder.
Employeement
For own purpose he approached the Indian Mathematical Society for employment advice. Then he got his first job after this, temporary post in the Accountant General’s Office, Madras.
Someone advised him to contact Ramachandra Rao, the Collector of Nellore. Member of Indian Mathematical Society founder Rama Chandra Rao.He helped to start the Mathematical Library.
Great Mathematician
He used to live on mathematics, even though he used scrap paper with better care. Seeing his talent in mathematics, the University of Madras granted him a fellowship of 75 rupees per month, even though he did not get a degree.
In 1913, the famous mathematician Dr. Walker, who came to the Madras Port Trust, was amazed by Ramanujan’s research and sent 120 research theorems discovered by Ramanujan to the famous Cambridge professor of that time, Godfrey Hardy (1877–1947).
G.H. saw the results that a high-level mathematician could write. Even in such difficult circumstances, he submitted 32 research papers. His fans were shocked to see the plump, slightly dark-skinned Ramanujan returning from England with a debilitating illness.
Secret number -1729
Despite various medical facilities, he could not recover. (1729 = 1^3 + 12^3 = 9^3 + 10^3). This incident is a testament to his unwavering love and dedication to mathematics.
The number 1729 is known as Ramanujan’s number. Even when he was seriously ill, he surprised Hardy by telling him about the special number 1729.
When Ramanujan was ill in the hospital, Hardy went to see him and, in the middle of the conversation, asked him if the car number he had come in was 1729 and if there was anything special about it.
Ramanujan, without hesitation, said that the number was important because it was the smallest number in the set of numbers that could be written as the sum of two cubes in two ways.
(1729 = 1^3 + 12^3 = 9^3 + 10^3). This incident is a testament to his unwavering love and dedication to mathematics.
Awards
On February 28, 1918, Ramanujan became the second Indian to be honored as a Fellow of the Royal Society and the first Indian to be honored as a Fellow of Trinity College in October 1918.
In his later years, Ramanujan’s research on the ‘magic square,’ ‘number theory of pure mathematics,’ and ‘mock theta functions’ became famous.
Death
He returned to India in March 1919 due to deteriorating health. His fans were shocked to see the plump, slightly dark-skinned Ramanujan returning from England with a debilitating illness.
Despite various medical facilities, he could not recover. He died on 26 April 1926, at the age of 33. Ramanujan was comparable to the natural mathematicians of his time, such as Leonard Euler, Gauss, Jacobi, etc.
Ramanujan Honoured with National day
Based on these, modern discoveries such as swing theory and cancer research are still ongoing. Research on Ramanujan’s notebooks and mathematical theories is still being conducted at the Ramanujan Institute and the University of Illinois in the United States.
In recognition of his contributions to mathematics, the Government of India has declared his birthday as ‘National Mathematics Day.’.
Autobiography of Stephen Hawkings
Stephen Hawkings: The Man Who Explained the Universe
Stephen Hawkings Education
In his college days, Stephen Hawkings was just like any other boy. He spent all day… hanging out with friends and having fun at parties. He was smart, and the only reason he got the opportunity to complete his degree at Oxford University. However, once he reached his goal, he never looked back. His vision touched the edges of the vast universe that we cannot see.
From a wheelchair, he explored the secrets of the universe. Although he did not show much talent in his studies. But Hawking’s teachers were impressed by the young boy’s intelligence. At the age of nine, his classmates nicknamed Hawking “Einstein.”. Initially, his father wanted Hawking to become a doctor.
Another Earth - Stephen Hawkings prediction
It worked like a mouse by contracting the jaw muscles. At this stage, Intel founder Gordon Moore stepped forward to provide help. Justin Ratner teamed up with experts to find a solution. They built a system that turned Hawking’s thoughts into words. On Earth. ‘The time is not far off when we have to vacate Earth.
We have to find another habitable planet within the next hundred years. Overpopulation, unpredictable changes in the climate, and asteroids approaching the Earth will make life on Earth increasingly difficult. In a BBC documentary, he famously stated that “there is no life after death,” emphasizing that science, not belief, should guide our understanding of the universe.
Stephen Hawkings Marriage
Love marriage Hawking first met a girl named Jane Wilde during New Year’s celebrations in 1963. It turned into love. In the meantime, Hawking learned that he was suffering from a rare disease. He told Wilde about this. He and his wife and three children became estranged from him.
At the time, Hawking’s children accused Elaine of being the reason for Hawking’s estrangement. However, Hawking, who ignored all this, married Elaine in 1995. After the marriage, fellow nurses complained to the police that Elaine was torturing Hawking and molesting him.
It became a sensation at the time. The police, who initially registered a case on this incident, closed the case after Hawking denied the allegations. Hawking’s marriage to Elaine also did not last long. The two divorced in 2006. After the divorce, Hawking became closer to his children.
Stephen Hawkings Black holes theory
Stephen Hawkins nurtured physics from the universe’s origin to the black holes that can absorb everything within it. He brought physics within the framework of theories. Despite his physical limitations, he made significant contributions to the field of physics.
Create new variations by remixing this response. At one point, no other organ except his eyes worked. With his intellectual power, he brought the secrets of the universe within the reach of the common man.
Stephen Hawkings as Einstein
He remained the Einstein of this generation. Stephen Hawking embarked on his journey through time. Witness, Hyderabad: Physics is useful for understanding the world around us. Sir Isaac Newton proposed the theory of gravity 400 years ago, achieving the first breakthrough in physics.
Einstein developed the general theory of relativity in the early 20th century. Experts widely agree that Einstein’s theory marked the second major milestone in the progress of physics.The general theory of relativity provides an understanding of the functioning of the vast universe. Einstein proposed a theory of quantum mechanics. This theory helps us understand the nature of the physical world at the atomic level.
Stephen Hawkings combined theory
Stephen Hawking combined two major theories: the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. The theory of relativity explains the vast universe. Quantum mechanics explains the properties of tiny particles and forces. The fact that the world has already recognized this as the third breakthrough in physics is a testament to Hawking’s greatness.
Einstein’s and Hawking’s… Experts have long debated who is greater, Einstein or Hawking. The scientific community remains divided on this issue. Many people also believe that it is not appropriate to compare the two. However, in some respects, Hawking is undoubtedly greater than Einstein.
The reason for this is that, before even turning 21, someone tells him, ‘You will die in a few years.’. They collapse and continue their lives in despair. Despite struggling with a disability, Stephen Hawking sharpened his intellect. He made groundbreaking contributions to the field of astronomy.
Stephen Hawkings about technology
Stephen Hawking said, “By the time I was 21, I had lost all hope for my future.”. Everything I got after that was a bonus.” Technology that gave me a voice in 1985. Hawking is touring Geneva. This left him unable to speak. For some time, he would use his eyebrows to form words and use spelling cards to indicate letters.
Martin King and Hawkins contacted Words Plus in California. Words Plus gave Hawking a speech-generating device that changed his life. The head of this company, Vuoltoz, also suffered from ALS. They developed a computer software called Vuoltoz Equalizer to help her speak and write.
Speech Synthesizer device
Martin King asked Walter Woltosz if his device would help Stephen Hawking. Wooltoz gave the equalizer to Hawking for free. A speech synthesizer supplemented the Equalizer software on the Apple II computer. David Mason built it. A nurse who had cared for Hawking was married to David Mason. Hawking’s team attached a small speech synthesizer to the armrest of his wheelchair.
Hawking began speaking at a rate of 15 words per minute with the device’s help. Over time, a nerve that controlled Hawking’s thumb suffered damage. By 2008, he could no longer click a mouse. At this stage, one of Hawking’s students developed another small device called the Cheek Switch. This device, designed to be attached to Hawking’s glasses, worked with infrared light.
My Brief History
Believe that there is no such thing as heaven or hell. Continuously, people fabricate such stories for those who fear death. Because our brain is like a computer. If the parts of a computer break, then the brain stops working. Here, I am not afraid of death. But I do not want to die right away. Therefore, I have a lot to do before I die.
Continuously, we need to use our strengths effectively while we are alive. In one of the interviews with the Guardian in 2011, Hawking wrote 5 amazing works: My Brief History. Briefly, this is like Hawking’s autobiography. Extremely, I had a comfortable childhood in London. There he enjoyed himself during his youth with his friends while placing bets. Here he evolved as a genius and a famous theoretical scientist. So Hawking shares these fascinating details in his book “My Brief History.”.
About Gods origin
In this book, he introduces a new Hawking that readers do not know—a funny and clever Hawking. Here rare photographs in this book will add extra interest to the readers.Until 2001, it had been translated into 35 languages. In this Hawking asserts that God is not necessary to explain the origin of the universe.
Once Hawking said God’s non-existence can’t be proven. But science makes it unnecessary.” Hawking wrote “The Universe in a Nutshell” in 2001, following up on his earlier book “A Brief History of Time.”. In this, Hawking explained his research and modern physics theories in the book. Consequently, he also discussed the work of famous physicists like Einstein and Richard Feynman.
Cosmos Computer
In it, children Susan, Ringo, Eric, George, and Dr. Reaper go on adventures with the help of a powerful computer called Cosmos. So Hawking simplifies complex universe concepts into engaging stories. One moment he toured Mumbai in a special car designed by Mahindra and Mahindra to accommodate Hawking’s wheelchair.
Approximately one lakh Indians are diagnosed with this disease annually. Because it weakens the muscles and makes after that it impossible to do any small work. Due treatment may be of little benefit, but it is not possible to cure it completely. As the days pass, the disease worsens.
Gradually, the muscles lose strength, and you cannot stand, talk, eat, or move. At least you cannot breathe properly. But signals from the nerves to the brain do not reach you. Therefore, the mussels die. Reason behind patients usually die of respiratory problems within three to five years of the onset of symptoms.
Singularity Concept
Both space and time are all contained within it. So this concept is called the singularity. Between 1972-74 Black hole mechanism: The proposal that radioactivity is also emitted from invisible black holes scattered throughout the universe. Consequently, 1981 Information paradox: Any matter or information that enters a black hole evaporates and becomes inaccessible to anyone
Multiverse Concept
In 1983, Infinite Universe: This universe has no boundaries in terms of space-time. So 1988 Time: Hawking estimated that time is like three darting arrows. Therefore, thermodynamics is an arrow; the other two are celestial and psychological. In the year 2006, this universe came into existence from different states.
Death
That’s why he even pressured him to take up biology for this. However, Hawking had a keen interest in mathematics. So he decided to do a degree in that. However, since a degree in mathematics was not the priority at Oxford University, he chose physics. From then on, he began to learn the ins and outs of physics and astronomy.
Though he wrote five books on science with his daughter Lucy. In this Hawking’s research in brief. According to him, 1970 The universe originated from a single point, known as a singularity. Suppose that the planets, stars, and all other matter that we see shrink to a small capsule that is invisible to the eye. Then the universe’s density and weight become infinite.
At the time of his death, Stephen Hawking’s wealth was Rs. 129.75 crores ($20 million). So Hawking has created characters in television series such as The Simpsons, Futurama, Star Trek: The Next Generation, and The Big Bang Theory. Constantly struggle at every step.
Nikola Tesla inventions | Nikola Tesla biography
Nikola Tesla: The Mind That Lit the World
The best time-traveling scientist, whom people considered mysterious Nikola Tesla was one of the best scientists of the century who changed the entire history of mankind.
Today’s era is full of charismatic miracles of science. Do you know how it was possible? Millions of people come and go in this world. But some people stay in the hearts of others forever. Their name gets engraved in the pages of history.
These are the people who make even the impossible tasks of science possible. Such people always move forward, understanding the rules of the universe. They open the closed paths of development.
Early life of Nikola Tesla
Nikola Tesla was born in Smiljan, Croatia, on 10 July 1856. Croatia was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1867 to 1918. Croatia is the 18th most favorite tourist destination in the world.
It is a country in Europe. But we all know that 161 years ago, there was not much progress in the world. At that time, Croatia was a poor country. Nikola Tesla was born in a Roman Catholic home; he was the fourth child of his parents.
He had an elder brother named Dan. He also had two elder sisters. Their names were Angela and Milka. He also had a younger sister named Marika. Nikola’s father was a priest in a true Orthodox church.
Nikola Tesla's education
Nikola Tesla studied at the Polytechnic Institute Graz of Karlstadt University in Germany and later in Prague, Austria. In the 1870s, he moved to Budapest. For some time, he worked in the central telephone exchange. Tesla first conceived the idea of the induction motor in Budapest. At 28, Nikola Tesla left Europe and moved to the United States.
Tesla was brilliant in his school days. He used to solve the toughest math problems in his mind. In 1875, Nikola Tesla entered Polytechnic College. There he secured first position in 9 exams.
Today, we are going to tell you about an important person. This person understood all the rules of nature and changed the map of the world. He made an important contribution to advancing the development of humanity.
Yes, that person is none other than Nikola Tesla. He was one of the best scientists of that century. Whose discoveries have changed the entire world of science? The answer is Nikola Tesla, the best scientist of the 19th century. He dedicated his whole life to the world of science.
When Tesla did this work, Thomas Edison went back on his promise. Due to this, there was a difference of opinion between Nikola Tesla and Edison, and Tesla left the job from there. You use many gadgets today. These gadgets use the internet.
They all work because of electricity. You can watch TV in your room. This is possible because of electricity. If electricity didn’t exist, we would be far behind where we are today. There would be no gadgets and no inventions, making life completely different.
Nikola and Thomas Edison
In 1882, Nikola Tesla discovered the rotating magnetic field, a fundamental principle of physics. This discovery is the basis of all devices that use alternating current. The same year he found it, Nikola Tesla worked at the Continental Edison Company in Paris.
Two years later, Thomas Edison invited him to work in New York, and he made the move. Differences between Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison over direct current were the cause of their disagreement. Nikola Tesla built devices that made the use of alternating current feasible.
Nikola Tesla's vision for free energy
This was a better way to transmit energy, even over large distances. But it was also too dangerous in case of an accident. Edison based his techniques on direct current; Nikola’s killers were against alternating current.
You will be surprised to know that about 150 years ago, there was no trace of electricity. People had to survive through lanterns and torches. Then a scientist did such a miracle for which even today humans will always be indebted to him.
Nikola Tesla played a pivotal role in the scientific era by advace inventing electricity. Nikola was inspired to invent electricity by his mother, Djuka Mendes, who made many small devices at home in her spare time. Nikola’s father, Milutin Tesla, was a priest.
Nikola Tesla's AC sytem
After this, he started his own company. Here he discovered the biggest discovery of the century, the AC system. Under this, people could easily transport electricity from one place to another.
On the other hand, Thomas Edison strongly advocated for the direct current (DC) system. After this, the AC/DC war started between the two. Later this AC/DC war became the most famous war in the science world. Nikola Tesla won in this.
Nikola Tesla's inventions
Nikola Tesla’s research and discoveries are all the best for electro technologies and radioelectricity. Nikola has about 40 patents in the United States, while he has registered more than 700 patents in the world. Tesla’s inventions were based on the use of electricity and magnetism.
These inventions include fluorescent lamps, induction motors, remote controls, Tesla coils, and radio transmission. In addition, his work also led to the development of ignition systems used to start cars and alternating current.
Earthquake Machine
One of Tesla’s strange inventions is the earthquake machine. His invention was to transmit electricity through the earth’s crust so that a light bulb could be turned on anywhere on the planet by simply sticking it into the earth.
Nikola Tesla went bankrupt when he burned down a power plant to pay a huge compensation. Apart from this, his inventions include names like AC electricity, electric waves, electric motors, wireless communication, robotics, remote control, and radar.
Cyclic Magnetic Field
After that Tesla discovered the principle of the cyclic magnetic field. Another important invention of his is the AC electric motor, which completely marginalized the DC electric system. Then he built the first water-electric power station at Niagara Falls. Thereafter, the world adopted the AC electric distribution system.
In 1893, the Chicago World Columbian Exposition was organized, in which Nikola Tesla demonstrated his AC system, and soon it became the standard power system of the 20th century and continues even today. Two years later, in 1895, Tesla built the first hydroelectric power plant in Niigata, a feat that the world marveled at.
World communication network
In the year 1900, Tesla began his most daring project to date: the creation of a world communications network—a tall power tower to transmit information and provide free electricity to the world. However, due to a lack of funding, the project never came to fruition and was abandoned.
Awards and medals
Finally Tesla was also an honorary member of the National Electric Light Association and a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Death of Tesla
Apart from this, Nikola Tesla made many other useful inventions, most of which are officially patented in the name of other inventors, such as the dynamo, induction motor, radar technology, X-ray technology, rotating magnetic field, etc.
Due to this, he went into depression. So he stopped meeting everyone. Closely, he started living alone. Strangely, this scientist died in 1943. So far Nikola Tesla made many of the best scientific discoveries, for which he never got any credit. Despite doing so much, this best scientist lived a poor life.
Organically, Tesla was a man of unique talent, and his mind worked very fast. Whatever Tesla thought was many years ahead of the thinking of common citizens. Knownly, the best scientist, Thomas Edison, also used to work with him. Both Tesla and Edison were working on electricity. Their main work was to supply AC electricity to the whole country.
So Tesla never married till his death. Completely he dedicated most of his time to science and his inventions. However, in the last days of his life, when other scientists were gaining fame by stealing his patents, his whole life he was suffering from mental disturbance. Any way Nikola Tesla spent 60 important years of his life in New York and died in this city at the age of 86 in poverty and solitude on 7 January 1943.
Marie Curie Biography | Madame Curie Scientist
Biography of Madame Curie, the scientist who won the Nobel Prize twice.
Childhood of Marie Curie
Marie Curie mother died at a young age. Her early education began at home. Her father used to read literature and science books to all the children. Her mother, ‘Bronislava,’ was often ill. So due to their financial constraints and other problems in the family, she could not get proper treatment. Her mother died at the age of 42. At that time, Marie was only 10 years old. After the death of her mother, the burden of family problems increased further. But Marie now started her formal education and started going to school.
Education of Marie Curie
Beginning of formal education In 1883, Marie Curie passed her high school examination with first division. Due to the poor financial condition of her family, she had to work as a governess. She continued her university studies alongside her job. After this, she went to Paris to study higher in 1891. In Poland, they called her ‘Maria.’ But in Paris, she started being called ‘Mary.’.
College life
Marie Curie stayed at her sister Bronya’s house in Paris for some time, but due to the house being far from the university, she later rented a cheap house near the university. At the same time, due to staying away from formal education for a few years, she had to work harder than other students. After this, in 1893, Marie earned her master’s degree in physics with first division.
Employeement
Marie Curie was confident that she would find a job in Warsaw, as she believed it would match her qualifications. However, she was disappointed when she did not get a teaching job at a university because she was a woman.
After some time, Marie Curie taught tuition to children at home due to a lack of money and resources. After some time, she got a scholarship for higher studies abroad. She again went to Paris. Here Mary obtained a master’s in mathematics in the year 1894.
Curie Pierre meeting
Marie Curie’s scientific career started when she got a job at the ‘Society for the Encouragement of National Industry.’ They assigned her to investigate the chemical structure of different types of steel. She also studied their magnetic properties as part of her work. But this work was difficult, so Marie needed a laboratory. Then Marie’s professor helped her and introduced her to physicist ‘Pierre Curie,’ who was the head of ‘The City of Paris Industrial Physics and Chemistry Higher Educational Institution at that time.
Marie Curie's married life
Pierre Curie was a quiet and shy person who spent most of his time in the laboratory.After meeting Pierre Curie, Marie also started working with him in the laboratory. Their love for science brought them closer to each other, and after some time, they married in 1895.They had two children named Iron and Eve Curie.Like Marie Curie and Pierre Curie, their daughter Irène and her husband, Frederic Joliot, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. They received the honor in the year 1935.
Marie Curie discoveries in radioactivity
Daughter Irène and her husband, Frederic Joliot, won the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.When Marie’s name was not on the list of Nobel Prize winners, Marie Curie and her husband, Pierre Curie, jointly discovered ‘radioactivity’ for many years, and finally their hard work paid off. After processing pitchblende ore, they discovered the atomic weight of radium. Their research proved that radium is a new element.
Let us tell you that Marie wrote her thesis on this subject and obtained a PhD degree. You will be surprised to know that Marie was the first woman in France to get a ‘doctorate’ degree. In 1903, the Nobel Prize in Physics nominated Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel.
But Marie’s name was missing from this list. After which Swedish mathematician and scientist ‘Gösta Mittag-Leffler’ and ‘Pierre Curie’ wrote a letter to the Nobel Prize Committee and objected to the absence of Marie’s name.
Marie Curie's Nobel Prize
After they received the Nobel Prize, the couple’s popularity grew everywhere, and their financial condition improved. People called Marie Curie ‘Madame Curie’ with respect. But after some time in the year 1906, her husband, Pierre Curie, died in a road accident. But she continued the search for radium and polonium.
She was successful in this work. Eight years later, she received the second Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911. Along with this, the university appointed Marie Curie as a professor at Sorbonne University in Paris. Let us tell you that the university appointed her as the first woman in this role.
Awards and Honors
Let us tell you that Marie Curie received many other major awards, including the ‘Albert Medal,’ ‘Willard Gibbs Award,’ ‘Cameron Award,’ and ‘Davy Medal.’ She received these prestigious honors throughout her life. Marie Curie passed away in France. Marie Curie dedicated her entire life to science and the welfare of mankind.
After receiving the Nobel Prize for the second time, she devoted herself to the discovery of X-rays and radiography. However, due to exposure to radium radiation, she became a victim of cancer, and battling this serious disease, she bid goodbye to the world forever on July 4, 1934, at the age of 66. But her discoveries and efforts for human welfare will always make people remember her.
Marie Curie shared some inspirational and precious thoughts. Madame Curie said these quotes. As you can see in the points given below, we should not fear anything in this world. There is nothing in this world that we need to be afraid of. We need to understand things properly; only this can reduce our fear.
Very few people see what has happened so far. Most people want to know what remains.There is no need to fear anyone as long as what you are doing is right. As long as it is not harming anyone, you have nothing to fear.
Babasaheb Ambedkar Autobiography
"Dr. B.R. Ambedkar: The Architect of Equality and Justice"
Childhood:
Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar father, Ramji, son of Maloji Sakpal, was a military officer in the rank of Major Subedar in Mhow. He and his wife, Bhimabai, spent the last years of their service in a barrack. The place of Janmsthal Smarak in Kali Paltan housed the barrack. Where Bhimrao was born here on 14th April 1891 at noon when Ramji Subedar was on duty.
The child was raised in a disciplined environment by a Kabir Panthi father and a religious mother.His Marathi family hailed from Ambavade, a town in Ratnagiri district of present-day Maharashtra. His life span was short compared to many contemporary politicians.Despite the fact he belonged to the Mahar caste, which was considered untouchable.
Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar on Varna:
Even during this period, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar did a lot of work in study, writing, speech, and organization. His efforts influenced the politics of that time and later. Bhimrao Ambedkar was born into the lower caste. At that time, the British were recruiting young men from lower castes in the army.
His ancestors worked in the army of the British East India Company for a long time. Bhimrao’s father, Ramji Ambedkar, was a Subedar in the British Army. He was also a teacher in a military school for some time. His father had formal education degrees in Marathi and English.
Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Education:
His birth into a caste is considered untouchable. Due to this, Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar had to face many humiliating situations in his school life. Facing all these situations with patience and courage, he completed his schooling. Then he started his college studies. Meanwhile, his father’s pocket money became tight.
Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar on College life:
There was a bad economic situation and a shortage of expenses. A friend took him to Gaikwad, the ruler of Baroda. Gaikwad arranged a scholarship for him, and Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar completed his college education. After passing matriculation in 1907, with the financial help of Baroda Maharaj, he graduated from Elphinstone College in 1912.
Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar at Columbia University of America:
After earning his B.A. he received a fellowship from Baroda King Sayaji Gaekwad to pursue an M.A. at University. In 1915, he completed his postgraduate degree examination.
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar authored his research titled ‘Commerce of Ancient India.’. In 1916, he received a Ph.D. degree from Columbia University in America. The subject of his Ph.D. research was “Decentralization of Provincial Finance in British India.”
Between 1913 and 1915, when Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar was studying at Columbia University.Then he wrote a research paper on ancient Indian trade instead of a question paper for the MA examination. In this, he has considered India’s trade relations with other countries.
London School of Economics and Political Science
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar had to return to India after the fellowship was over. So they deported him via Britain. There he registered himself for an M.Sc. and D.Sc. at the London School of Economics and Political Science. He obtained a bar-at-law degree from the Law Institute; after that, he returned to India.
First of all, as per the condition of the scholarship, he accepted the responsibility of a military officer. He also became a financial advisor in the court of the Baroda King. Due to the serious problem of no one being ready to hire him in the entire city.So he returned to Mumbai after some time.
After getting a fellowship from Baroda King Sayaji Rao Gaekwad.Then Bhimrao passed the graduation examination from Mumbai University in 1912.Forbidden to study Sanskrit, he qualified in Persian instead.
Worked to make the uneducated and poor people aware:
He edited the weekly magazine Mooknayak. He started Bahishkrit Bharat newspaper.He raised awareness among the mute, uneducated, and poor people through his newspaper. He completed his unfinished studies, which left. He went to London and Germany and obtained the degrees of M.Sc., D.Sc., and Barrister from there.
The research topic of his M.Sc. was the analytical study of the achievable decentralization of imperial finance. The topic of his D.Sc. degree was the problem of the rupee. It also covered its origin and solution. Additionally, it included the history of Indian currency and banking.
Honored with honorary degrees of D.Litt.
Babasaheb Dr. Ambedkar received the honorary degree of L.L.D. from Columbia University. Osmania University also awarded him the honorary degree of D.Litt. In this way, Ambedkar became an inspiration for the global youth.
The discussion of trade relations has also outlined India’s economic development. The 12th volume of Rachnaavali published this research paper. After a few years of service to the Baroda state, he received the Nobel Prize.
Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar in Poona Pact for Dalit reservation:
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar was also a member of the delegation to the Round Table Conference in 1931.So there he demanded a separate electorate for the untouchables. Mahatma Gandhi opposed this as it was seen as divisive in Hindu society.
In 1931, he spoke to the British Prime Minister at the Conference. He said, “The British Parliament and its speakers have always claimed to be the trustees of the depressed classes.”
I am sure that this is not a lie of civilized people, which, if not taken into consideration, would be a great betrayal. These people have become rich and great on the basis of our ruin and devastation. In the Poona Pact of 1932, Gandhi and Ambedkar agreed on a middle path after mutual discussions.
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar soon established his leadership among the Harijans.He brought out several magazines on their behalf.He also succeeded in getting special representation for Harijans in the government legislative councils. Ambedkar took up the cause of the Harijans.
Conclusion:
It is said to make mutual relations cordial. In my opinion, it would be the definite duty of any government not to lose the heritage it has. If the British Government leaves us at the mercy of those who have not paid the least attention to our prosperity.Then we will not be able to do anything.
Philosophy of Shankaracharya
Shankaracharya's Advaita description:
Shankaracharya says that Advaita philosophy is very old. It comes from the teachings of the Upanishads. Advaita philosophy has three aspects: Tattva Mimansa, Gyan Mimansa, and Achar Darshan. The Vedantists developed these separately after Shankaracharya. From the point of view of Tattva Mimansa, Advaita means the denial of all types of duality or difference
Shankaracharya's Non-dualism concept:
The ultimate element, Brahma, is one and non-dual. There is no duality of any kind in it, self-owned, self-species, and alien. Brahma is without parts, indivisible, and infinite. People also call Him Sachchidananda or ‘Satyam, Gyanam, Anantam Brahma.‘.
Denying the unreal reveals Sat.Denying Achit reveals Chit.Denying Dukh reveals Anand.
Ignorance and liberation: Due to ignorance, the living being forgets its nature.It considers itself the doer and enjoyer. Due to this, it has to take the body. It has to come to the world again and again.
This is bondage. Freedom from this bondage is obtained only when ignorance is destroyed.Ignorance must be destroyed to attain liberation.The living being gains freedom by knowing itself.It realizes itself as pure conscious Brahma.
Shankaracharya about life:
Even while living in the body, the living being can be freed on attaining knowledge.The body is a bondage only until the living being does not know itself as the soul.
The living being considers itself as the body, senses, mind, etc.Once the living being realizes its true nature, it can overcome the bondage of the body.Knowledge of the self leads to liberation from the false identification with the body.
Due to this, in Vedanta, two types of liberation are considered.These are called Jeevanmukti and Videhmukti.Jeevanmukti refers to liberation while still alive.Videhmukti refers to liberation after the body dies.Even after attaining knowledge, there may still be no peace in the mind.
Shankaracharya about spirituality:
This is the reason that even though he shows bias about some things, Acharya Shankar does not accept any kind of bondage in the extreme state of spirituality. He remains free from any attachment or limitation, even in the highest spiritual state.
He does this for the sake of public good.His actions are guided by the welfare of others, even in the highest spiritual state.Acharya Shankar prioritizes the well-being of society over personal attachment to spiritual bondage.
Reaching his mother in the last moments of her life is a very important incident.It highlights the significance of fulfilling the duty of being a son.This event is particularly important in the context of his spiritual journey.
Shankaracharya about Vedanta:
It was Vedanta.Following the tradition is not the same as just achieving the title of Jagadguru. Establishing oneself in that form is also a separate thing. Today, India needs an inspiring personality with the qualities of a yogi, a poet, and a devotee.
This person should also be a dedicated worker and have knowledge of scriptures.They must care for the welfare of the people.They should be ready to sacrifice everything for the sake of truth.
Shankaracharya about Knowledge:
Shankaracharya’s statement: Even while living in the body, the living being can be freed on attaining knowledge.The body is a bondage only until the living being does not know itself as the soul.The living being considers itself as the body, senses, mind, etc., which keeps it in bondage.
Due to this, in Vedanta, two types of liberation are considered, namely, Jeevanmukti and Videhmukti. Even after attaining knowledge, there is no peace in the mind.
Shankaracharya, as a result of his unflinching devotion, gained the knowledge of the scriptures from his Sadguru.He not only acquired knowledge but also experienced Brahmatva.His devotion led him to both intellectual understanding and direct spiritual experience.
He came to know the truth of the practical. His spiritual aspects of life through two different incidents that happened in Kashi.He also experienced the reality that cannot be experienced within the limits of Sannyas.
This experience occurred after a debate with Mandana Mishra.The experience was through Parakaya Pravesh, transcending the usual boundaries of Sannyas.